Reading remains one of the most critical foundations of education, shaping how individuals comprehend information, think critically and participate meaningfully in society.
Across the world, countries that prioritise literacy often record stronger academic outcomes, informed citizenry and more innovative economies. These nations invest heavily in early childhood education, teacher training, public libraries and policies that encourage lifelong reading habits.
Global rankings on reading proficiency are usually determined by a combination of factors, including literacy rates, performance in international assessments such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), access to educational resources and cultural attitudes towards books and learning.
Based on these indicators, the following countries stand out as some of the best in the world when it comes to reading culture and literacy excellence.
1. Finland
Finland is widely regarded as a global benchmark for reading and literacy. Children are introduced to reading in a relaxed but highly effective manner, with a strong emphasis on comprehension rather than rote learning. Finnish students consistently rank among the top performers in international reading assessments, including PISA.
Beyond the classroom, Finland boasts one of the highest library usage rates in the world, with free and easily accessible public libraries in both urban and rural areas. Reading is deeply embedded in everyday life, supported by well-trained teachers and an education system that values equality and inclusiveness.
2. Japan
Japan’s strong reading culture is evident in the everyday lives of its citizens. From newspapers and novels to educational texts and manga, reading is widely embraced across all age groups. Literacy levels in Japan are extremely high, supported by a disciplined education system that prioritises language skills from an early age.
Japanese students consistently perform well in global reading and comprehension tests. The country’s publishing industry is also one of the largest in the world, further reinforcing access to reading materials and sustaining a culture that values knowledge and literacy.
3. South Korea
South Korea places immense importance on education, with reading forming a core component of learning from early childhood. Students are encouraged to develop strong reading comprehension skills, which contribute to the country’s impressive performance in international assessments.
In addition to formal schooling, South Korea has an extensive network of libraries, after-school learning centres and digital reading platforms. This combination of academic discipline and access to resources makes South Korea one of the world’s top reading nations.
4. Singapore
Singapore consistently ranks among the world’s best-performing countries in reading proficiency. Its education system is highly structured and emphasises strong language foundations, critical thinking and comprehension skills.
The country’s bilingual education policy further enhances literacy, ensuring that students are proficient in English while also reading fluently in their mother tongues. Government investment in libraries, digital learning tools and teacher development continues to strengthen Singapore’s reading culture.
5. Canada
Canada is known for its high literacy rate and strong reading performance among students. Canadian learners regularly score above the global average in international reading assessments, reflecting a well-balanced education system.
Public libraries are widely available and well-funded, serving as community hubs for learning and literacy development. Reading is encouraged not only in schools but also through national literacy programmes and family-focused initiatives.
6. Estonia
Despite its small population, Estonia has emerged as one of the world’s strongest performers in reading. The country consistently ranks among the top nations in PISA reading tests, outperforming many larger and wealthier countries.
Estonia’s success is attributed to modern teaching methods, early literacy development, and the integration of digital tools into education. The country places strong emphasis on comprehension, analytical reading, and independent learning.
7. New Zealand
New Zealand maintains a strong reading culture supported by an inclusive and student-focused education system. Literacy development is prioritised from early childhood, with reading programmes designed to accommodate diverse learning needs.
Students in New Zealand perform well in reading comprehension tests, while public libraries and community reading initiatives help promote lifelong reading habits beyond the classroom.
8. United Kingdom
The United Kingdom has a rich literary heritage and a long-standing tradition of reading and publishing. Literacy levels remain high, with students performing competitively in international reading assessments.
The UK’s extensive network of libraries, schools, and literacy charities continues to promote reading among children and adults alike. Strong emphasis is also placed on early reading skills and access to books at home and in schools.
9. Germany
Germany records high literacy rates and a strong culture of reading, supported by a robust education system and one of the world’s largest book markets. Reading is encouraged both academically and recreationally from a young age.
German students perform well in reading comprehension and the country’s strong publishing and library systems ensure broad access to educational and literary materials.
10. Australia
Australia consistently ranks among the top countries for literacy and reading proficiency. Its education system emphasises comprehension, critical thinking and language development.
With well-funded public libraries, national literacy programmes and strong student performance in international assessments, Australia continues to promote reading as a key pillar of education and social development.
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